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Geography (GEOG): Starting Points

A guide to research and information sources related to geography.

When you are just beginning your research, it is important to spend some time getting more familiar with your topic. Your first few searches should focus on finding background information and also help you to develop your research questions. Sources that provide overviews and introductions including reference encyclopedias, handbooks, guides, other books and eBooks, news and magazine articles, and websites can be useful at this stage of research. Below, see suggestions and advice for where to look for background information and these types of sources. 

Find Background Information

The following library databases contain reference information that can be used to gain familiarity with your topic, gather search keywords, narrow your research question, provide context, or identify experts on the topic. They may be appropriate to cite, depending on the source guidelines your professor has given you, or you may just use the information you find in these to guide you and give you ideas for further searches. 

Advice for Using Google and Wikipedia for Background Information

At this point in your research, you might also choose to do a general Google search for relevant websites or read Wikipedia articles related to your topic, but you will need to be very cautious as you do so. While this practice can be helpful to see how you might develop your research, narrow your topic, or even give you ideas of search keywords to use, for academic research, it is unlikely that you will want or be able to use or cite any information from a Wikipedia article. Any websites would need to be critically evaluated for credibility, and you will also want to check any source guidelines your professor has given you. 

Suggested Books for Background Information from the Library Collections

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Countries and Their Cultures

Available in Reference at both Bethlehem & Monroe
4 volumes

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Encyclopedia of Environmental Issues

Available in Reference at Bethlehem and also online
4 volumes

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Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia

Available in Reference at Bethlehem
4 volumes