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DENH: Dental Hygiene

Resources for Dental Hygiene Research

Author's name(s)

Author’s last namespace First name initial Middle name Initial.

Author's name: Joseph S. Martin

Last name: Martin

First name initial: J

Middle name initial: S

In citation: Martin JS.

The only punctuation used with the name is a period at the end.  Do not use more than two initials.

Websites: The author could be a company or an organization.

 

Author’s last namespace First name initial Middle name initial,space2nd Author’s last namespaceFirst name initial Middle name initial.

Author's names: Shruti Garg and A.R. Pradeep

First author's name: Garg S

Second author's name: Pradeep AR

Citation: 

Garg S, Pradeep AR

Author's are listed in the order they appear on the article. A comma separates the first author and the second author with a period at the end.

 

Author’s last namespace First name initial Middle name initial,space2nd Author’s last namespaceFirst name initial Middle name initial, 3rd Author’s last namespace First name initial Middle name initial.

Author's names: Shatha S. ALHarthi and Sarah K. Al-Motlag and Monika M. Wahi

First author's name: ALHarthi, Shatha S.

Second author's name: Al-Motlag, Sarah K.

Third author's name: Wahi, Monika M.

Citation: 

ALHarthi SS, Al-Motlag, SK, Wahi MM.

Author's are listed in the order they appear on the article. A comma separates the first author and the second author and third author with a period at the end.

Author’s last namespace First name initial Middle name initial,space2nd Author’s last namespaceFirst name initial Middle name initial, 3rd Author’s last namespace First name initial Middle name initial, et al.

Author's names: Jennifer S. Holtzman and Kathryn A. Atchison and Mark D. Macek and Daniela Markovic

First author's name: Holtzman JS.

Second author's name: Atchison KA.

Third author's name: Macek MD.

Citation:

Holtzman JS, Atchison KA, Macek MD, et al.

Author's are listed in the order they appear on the article. A comma separates the first author and the second author and third author and then et al is used at the end to show there are more authors.

Three author's names is the maximum names you show in the citation.  Any more than 3 and you use et al.

Titles of books, articles, websites

Capitalize only the first word of a title.  Also capitalize proper nouns, names of people, places, or diseases, acronyms.

Examples:

Foundations of periodontics

Color atlas of common oral diseases

Oral health sourcebook

Capitalize only the first word of the titleAlso capitalize proper nouns, names of people, places, or diseases, acronyms.

Examples:

Issues related to single-tooth implants

Oral heath care of Japanese children

Management of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in the dental setting

Evolution of TMD diagnosis

Determining the title of a website or part of a website can be confusing.

Title of website is usually the name of the website, such as American Dental Association, Crest, or Northampton Community College.

  • Can be found as the web address

  • Usually bold letters for the title

Title of the part of the website is usually the name of that webpage, such as NCC Library or Crest Toothpaste

  • Usually it is a heading before the content

  • May be part of the website

Journal title

Capitalize the main words in the journal name.  Do not capitalize: a, an, and, the, prepositions (of, by, about). Use the full name of the journal, do not abbreviate.

Examples:

Journal of Periodontology

BMC Oral Health

Access

Journal of Dental Hygiene

PLoS One

 

Journal names in the search results of PMC are abbreviated, example J Dent Res . The full name is Journal of Dental Research.

To find the full name, there are two options:

1. Click on citation, and the journal name will appear in italics in the citation.

2. When you open the PDF of the article, the journal name may appear at the bottom or top of the page.

There are more instructions in the PMC section of the research guide.
 

Journal names in the PDF of the article can also be abbreviated in EBSCOhost.  Use the "detailed record" in EBSCOhost to determine the full name of the journal.

Place of publication

The place of publication for a website is the location of the company or organization that published the website.

It may be listed at the bottom of the website.

Check the "about us" or "contact us" section of the website.

Look for a mailing address.

If you don't find it, you can search for the mailing address using Google or Firefox.

All books have a publisher.

This information is located on the first page of the book, along with the title and the copyright.

Date of publication

The date of publication for a book is the copyright date.  

Date of publication for journals is the date of that particular issue or the published date  You include the year, month, and day if given.  If only the year is given then use that alone.  The month is abbreviated to 3 letters.  

The format:

1. Year

2. Month, abbreviated and capitalized

3. Day

Examples:

2017 Jun 27

2014 May (no date given)

2016 Apr 6

 

In this example the publication date is 2015 Dec 21.

Always use the date of the actual journal issue that generally appears in the citation information.  Do not use the published online date for your citations.

Using the example above, you would use 2019 Jan as the publication date in your citation.

 

Date of publication for websites and part of a website can be confusing

For websites

  • Look at the bottom of the main page to locate a date or a copyright date

For parts of websites

  • There may be a date near the title of the part of the website
  • If you cannot find a specific date, then you can use the copyright date

Publisher

The publisher is usually the organization or company that is responsible for the website.  They can be the author of the website as well.

Date of citation (date cited)

The date cited is the date that you found the article or the date that you printed the article to use in your paper.

The format is : [cited year month day]

1. year: 2017

2. month is the three letter abbreviation of the month

3. day: the actual day of the month

Example: [cited 2017 Mar 12]

Volume, Issue, pages

The volume, issue, and page numbers can be found in a variety of locations.  It can be found on the article, either on the first page or at the bottom of the pages.  It can be found it the citation of the search results in EBSCOhost or PubMed Central.  It can be found in the web address.

The format is: volume(issue):page range. Example: 7(2):107-127.  In the example 7 is the volume number. 2 is the issue number. 107-127 is the page range for the article, beginning with the first page and ending with the last page.

Example A is from the search results in PMC. The volume, issue and page numbers are already in the correct foramt: 47(11):1012-1033.

Example B is from the search results in EBSCOhost. The format would be 107(6):54-55.

Example C is from a PDF of the article.  In the case the volume, issue and page are in the top right corner of the first page of the article: The format would be 96(6):640-646.

 

Web address/url

It is preferred that you use the web address/url for the PDF version of the article.  Generally, the url is too long to fit on one line of your reference page.  It is ok for it to be broken into a few liines.

In PMC, choose the option for PDF to open the article and then copy and paste the url into the citation.  The url will have a pdf at the end.

Example 1: Available from:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3939610/pdf/nihms-547321.pdf

In EBSCOhost, you will use the permalink as the url for the article.

When you open the PDF the article, there are symbols on the right side of the screen.  Look for this one and click on it.  You will notice the following display at the top of the article.

Simply copy and paste the entire link into your reference list:

Available from:https://libprox.northampton.edu:/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ddh&AN=123197669&site=ehost-live

In EBSCO Discovery Service, copy the web address from the address bar for the article.